In addition to revealing the TRAF-2 and TRAF-6 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which have known roles in immune signaling during infection (Rahman et al., 2014), this analysis identified ubiquitin ligase complexes, including CUL3, RBX1, and MDM2, that have not been previously implicated in Mtb pathogenesis (Figure 3—figure supplement 4B). This evidence concerns the gene CUL3 and infection.