Based on the findings that urinary CN-1 concentrations are increased in patients with macroalbuminuria regardless of the underlying renal disease and because our previous studies suggested low serum CN-1 concentrations to be present in T2DM patients with impaired renal function [33], we assessed if high urinary CN-1 concentrations were associated with decreased CN-1 levels in serum. The gene discussed is CNDP1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.