SMARCA4 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: Among the genes involved in progression of toxicity pathways (Figure 3), DES and TNNT2 are targeted by SMARCA4 (Figure 4) and the downregulation of SMARCA4 resulted in the downregulation of DES and TNNT2. The evidence shows that chromatin remodeling is required for DES expression [40] and inhibition or lack of DES could lead to idiopathic DCM [41].