We searched PubMed from its inception up to December, 2019, using the terms “ALDH2, endothelial cells, endothelial dysfunction, endothelial senescence, ageing, oxidative stress, inflammageing, cardiovascular diseases, neurovascular diseases” to identify publications in English that described the mechanism of action of ALDH2 activity in vascular function, preclinical evidence of beneficial effects of ALDH2 expression/activity for endothelial function, or clinical evidence of the benefit of ALDH2 activity modulation in cardio- or neuro-vascular diseases. This evidence concerns the gene ALDH2 and endothelial dysfunction.