When comparing preterm labor with sterile intra-amniotic inflammation to preterm labor without either intra-amniotic inflammation or proven intra-amniotic infection, 20 cytokines showed significantly increased abundance, such as eotaxin-1 (log2 FC = 10.6), CXCL6 (log2 FC = 7), and Calgranulin C (log2 FC = 5.1) (Table 2). Here, S100A12 is linked to inflammatory response.