SEMA4D and cancer: Sema4D, as a member of the semaphorin family, is a multifunctional protein that plays important roles in the immune response (Yoshida et al, 2015), cancer progression (Evans et al, 2015), neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration (Smith et al, 2014; Southwell et al, 2015; Zhou et al, 2018b).