For chromosome 3 translocations, it is unclear why most cases that are not ascertained because of a personal or family history of RCC appear to be associated with a very low risk of RCC.55 In those translocations that do predispose to RCC, there may be a combination of factors involved including instability of the translocated chromosome during cell division together with disruption of a TSG (eg, FHIT) and/or polygenic effects that increase RCC susceptibility. Here, FHIT is linked to renal cell carcinoma.