INS and magnesium deficiency: Notably, insulin affects tubular reabsorption of Mg2+from the blood by the kidney, while Mg2+is involved in energy metabolism and the regulation of insulin release.9In addition, magnesium deficiency in humans and animals can cause hypercoagulablity,10while magnesium deficiency in swine has been shown to lead to reduced plasma concentrations of coagulatory molecules including antithrombin, thromboxane, protein C, and endothelin-1.11