Conceivable dimensional markers for the case of alcohol dependence are the magnitude of craving in acute addiction95, biological markers such as serum levels of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT)96, or scores of clinical questionnaires such as the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT97). Overall, we conclude that the combination of multiple neuroimaging modalities is able to moderately improve the accuracy of machine-learning-based diagnostic classification in alcohol dependence. This evidence concerns the gene TF and alcohol dependence.