CD40 and neoplasm: Collectively, these finding suggest that mCD40L could be harnessed as a potent immunostimulatory cancer therapy given its ability to stimulate different facets of the immune response together with its ability to directly induce cell death in CD40-expressing carcinomas, which itself may release tumour specific antigens into the tumour microenvironment to further enhance anti-tumour immune responses (Fig. 7).