PTGS2 and endometriosis: Khalaj et al. previously observed that TTP has the potential to regulate the inflammatory process associated with endometriosis by interacting with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ)128.