Similar to IVN GRA deletion mutants Δgra12 (38) and Δgra2, Δgra4, Δgra6, Δgra9 (54), the Δgra3, Δgra5, Δgra7, Δgra8, and Δgra14 mutants exhibited a significant decrease in the DBA fluorescence intensity ratio (cyst periphery/cyst interior) (Fig. 1B). The gene discussed is RPS19; the disease is cyst.