GK and colitis: To examine whether inhibition of GK might prevent colitis, we have employed 2 kinds of epithelial cell-specific GK-deficient mice, i.e. (i) small intestine and colon-specific GK-deficient mice (Villin-Cre;Gankyrinf/f) and (ii) distal intestine and colon-specific GK-deficient mice (Cdx2-Cre;Gankyrinf/f).