Our study shows for the first time that serum BTP, a marker of glomerular filtration, is increased early in patients with AP who develop AKI, in parallel to serum cystatin C. BTP concentrations were highly correlated with serum creatinine and cystatin C. The diagnostic accuracy of BTP for early diagnosis of AKI in the early phase of AP was comparable to that of serum cystatin C. However, it seemed lower than the diagnostic accuracy of serum and urine NGAL. Here, LCN2 is linked to acute kidney injury.