CSF2 and neoplasm: Previous studies on pancreatic cancer have focused on the effects of mutant KRAS in pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs) and in combination with mutant p53 in PDAC models, where GM-CSF was a contributing factor for neutrophil recruitment to the tumor (Bayne et al., 2012, Pylayeva-Gupta et al., 2012).