KLK3 and prostate carcinoma: [3,4] In 2017 the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) assigned prostate cancer screening a “C” recommendation for men 55–69 years, concluding that the potential benefits and adverse impacts of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening are closely balanced in that age group.[5] Current international guidelines emphasise that the decision should be an individual one, based on personal values and preferences.[5–7]