TNF and Insulin resistance: This result complements those found in previous systematic reviews in relation to the potential effects of periodontal treatment on the general health of patients with T2D, enhancing the hypothesis regarding a dual explanatory path for reducing systemic inflammation, namely, one path directly through the reduction of proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6, which induce acute-phase responses with hepatic biosynthesis and elevated serum CRP levels, and another path indirectly through the reduction of HbA1c itself as a result of the reduction of insulin resistance.