One of these was PEBP4, a suppressor of proliferation and invasion in ovarian tumour cell lines,32 and a RAF1- and MEK1-binding protein that inhibits tumour necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis.33 PEBP4 was significantly elevated in sera from cancer cases prior to diagnosis and featured in one of the top multivariable longitudinal models. Here, MAP2K1 is linked to ovarian neoplasm.