Our finding that ETV5 affects neuroblastoma cell migration, invasive and colony formation capacity and ETV5 upregulation through MAPK signalling (either through activated ALK or RAS pathway activation) suggests that ETV5 may contribute to increased aggressiveness and relapse of neuroblastoma through darwinistic selection of ALK/RAS/MAPK pathway activating mutations during therapy. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and neuroblastoma.