LCN2 and acute kidney injury: NGAL served as an independent predictor of AKI (OR 2.7, 95% CI 0.8–4.5, P < 0.001) and concentrations were found to be significantly higher among the AKI patients (260.7 [163.8] vs. 89.6 [38.1] ng/mL, P = 0.006).