IFNG and HIV-1 infection: In samples drawn before HIV-1 infection, MAIT cell responses to the cytokine stimulus recapitulated the pattern previously reported for healthy donors, with higher IFNγ expression in the CD56+ MAIT cells compared to their CD56− counterparts (p < 0.01; Wilcoxon Signed Rank test) (Fig. 5e, f and Supplementary Fig. 5).