In 2016, a meta-analysis of 20 trials involving patients with melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies showed that PD-L1 expression is significantly associated with risk of death and clinical response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs in melanoma patients. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.