SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Several studies in human and transgenic mice have documented that VAPB inclusions also occur when other ALS-causative genes are present, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) [23], TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP43) [24], and chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) repeat expansion [25].