PPIG and breast cancer: To reveal the potential antitumor efficacy of CYP-loaded NPs in breast cancer therapy, a murine breast cancer model was established (Figure 2A) and treated with empty CA NPs, CMCA NPs, and α-KAMCA NPs, as well as various CYP-loaded NPs and a free CYP solution (0.3 mg/kg body weight (BW)) (Figure 2B).