Beyond mechanisms of edema and oncotic cell death, SUR1-TRPM4 signaling and inhibition by GLI have also been identified as relevant in apoptotic cell death pathways involving Bcl-associated X protein (BAX) and caspase-3 (Figure 2A) [60,67,83], neuroinflammation (Figure 2A,B) [66,67,72,73,100,101], and BBB integrity (Figure 2A,C) via matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 secretion, zona-occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression and redistribution [66,67,83,102] in different models of CNS injury, including SAH, TBI, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), inflammation, and encephalomyelitis. The gene discussed is TRPM4; the disease is encephalomyelitis.