In order to provide new insights on the role of TLRs in the integration of metabolic and immune responses at fasting and during single macronutrient loads, while considering the possible influences of sexual hormones and body weight on these responses, we evaluated the expression patterns of TLR2 and TLR4 in peripheral blood leukocytes after oral glucose, lipid, and protein challenges in a group of young adults, including control women, women with PCOS, and men. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.