However, glucose and lipids, but not proteins, differently and effectively activated leukocyte TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression regardless of obesity, sex, or sex hormones, suggesting a lesser effect of protein intake on postprandial inflammation, and that the mechanisms regulating this compensatory response appear to occur at the posttranscriptional level. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.