HMGB1 and Shock: Compared to the control group, changes of HMGB1 levels in septic shock patients almost reached statistical significance (at the onset of septic shock), but showed a significant increase after 24 and 72 h after septic shock onset (Table 2, control vs. septic shock onset: p = 0.08, control vs. septic shock 24 h p = 0.07; septic shock onset vs. septic shock 24 h: p = 0.04; septic shock onset vs. 72 h: p = 0.04).