Some pathways were common for two of the species under study, such as KEGG pathways for platelet activation as well as vitamin digestion and absorption for northern giant petrel and south polar skua; while KEGG pathways for prion diseases, systemic lupus erythematousus, pertussis were common to both south polar skua and wandering albatross (Figure 6 and Figure 7); and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway common for northern giant petrel and wandering albatross (Figure 5 and Figure 7). Here, PPARA is linked to pertussis.