PTGS2 and neoplasm: *Inhibits cellular proliferation, cell cycle progression, and tumor growth*Decreases β-catenin and COX-2 in colon tumors*Increases the production of SCFAs*Induces nitric oxide synthase expression, Caspase-3 activation, and NF-κB pathway*Induces cellular apoptosis and lipid peroxidation*Scavenges free radicals*Modifies the composition of intestinal microbiota