IGFBP3 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Thus, the expression levels of eight genes were associated with the metastasis of ccRCC—CA9, NDUFA4L2, VWF, IGFBP3, BHLHE41, EGLN3, SAA1, and C1QA. Five of these genes—CA9, NDUFA4L2, IGFBP3, BHLHE41, and EGLN3 were direct targets of HIF1α [16,17,18,19,20].