In addition to lipid metabolism, AMPK can also modulate oxidative stress as well as mitochondrial function by regulating the Nrf2-mediated phase II enzyme pathway and PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, both of which exhibit a close correlation with hyperlipidemia-related metabolic disorders [8,10,11,12,46]. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and metabolic disease.