We have shown that upregulation of CXCL2 expression through NF-kB signalling in ovarian cancer induces differentiation of MDSCs and immunosuppression.36 CXCL2 expression in ovarian cancer cells was also upregulated under hypoxic conditions; hence, we hypothesised that CXCL2 signal could be a key inducer of MDSCs following anti-VEGF treatment. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and ovarian carcinoma.