Several reports have shown that tumour-associated macrophage (TAM) is associated with resistance with bevacizumab therapy.40,41 In this study, we have analysed the numbers of CD11c + dendritic cells (DCs) and CD206 + F4/80 + TAMs after anti-VEGF treatment; however, there was no significant change in the population of DCs or TAMs (Supplementary Fig. S4). This evidence concerns the gene ITGAX and neoplasm.