Scratch assay and transwell migration/invasion assays confirmed that the co-culturing of C3aR−/− CAFs with 4 T1 cells rarely stimulated breast cancer epithelial cell migration and invasion, while co-culturing of C3aR+/+ CAFs significantly promoted EO771 cells migration and invasion (Fig. 4b-d). Here, TBX1 is linked to breast carcinoma.