As far as ME2C is concerned, it demonstrated its activation by the MAPK p38 in inflammation in monocytic cells (Han et al., 1997), whereas downregulation of the MUC4/ErbB2/p38/MEF2C‐dependent pathway was shown to suppress invasion and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (Zhang et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene MUC4 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.