TFAM and Parkinson disease: Collectively, the same expression patterns of miR‐376a and genes in chronic model and PD PBMCs suggest that possibly low‐dose chronic toxicity model can more closely exhibit chronically developing PD than high‐dose acute MPP+ models.35 The current study also revealed that acute severe mitochondrial dysfunction in SHSY‐5Y cells induced protection via enhancing the expression of PGC1α, TFAM and GSK3β. However, low‐dose chronic MPP+ treatment did not induce those mechanisms and instead suppressed expression of genes.