There were no statistical differences in age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, cardiac insufficiency, basal heart rate, ratio of onset to persistent AF, statin and ACEI/ARB medication, baseline BNP, HR-CRP, TNI, and CKMB between the two groups (P>0.05, Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and diabetes mellitus.