TNF and neurodegenerative disease: Preclinical and clinical research has proved that excessive activation of microglia triggers the release of diverse pro-inflammatory factors such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nitric oxide (NO), which are believed to result in neuronal insult as well as aggravating the progression of neurodegenerative diseases [1, 9–13].