Patient characteristics including coronary risk factors, AF parameters such as the CHADS2 score, dementia type, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), LVEF calculated using echocardiography, medication data, and Z-score calculated using brain SPECT are presented in Table 1. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is atrial fibrillation.