Although, the canonical plant defense signaling pathways are not perturbed by low concentrations of ascr#18 in wildtype or acx1 acx5 and thus do not appear to be directly involved in ascr#18-mediated enhanced nematode resistance, altered auxin or jasmonate signaling could affect overall susceptibility of acx1 acx5 to nematode infection, which appears to be slightly lower than wildtype (Fig. 4c). Here, PRNP is linked to Nematoda infectious disease.