NPPB and hydrops fetalis: Moreover there are some significant limitations that may lower clinical utility of natriuretic peptides (NPs: BNP or NTproBNP) which are most established HF biomarkers in clinical practice (e.g. limitation in detection of early and asymptomatic stages of HFrEF, an increase in NPs concentration due to the several cardiac as well as non-cardiac conditions, NPs concentration rising with age, are higher in women, while lower in obese patients).