CD4 and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: As part of the uniform case definition, we did not include participants with possible tuberculous meningitis (n=74) in our analysis because of the non-specific nature of this category in this study population with advanced HIV—eg, due to concurrent neurological pathology such as PML (study population median CD4 T cell count 46 cells/μL, IQR 11–130).