ACTA1 and atrial septal defect: Although only MYL3 dysregulation has been previously linked to ASD pathogenesis [16], ACTA1 and MURC overexpression was reported to contribute to cardiac contractile dysfunction and conduction disturbances in mouse models [44, 45], whereas MYL3, MURC, and MYH11 gene mutations or copy number variants were found associated with cardiomyopathy or CHDs [46–48].