PPARGC1A and diabetes mellitus: Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have been acknowledged as the prominent features of several pathological conditions, including DM, obesity, fibrosis, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic inflammation, cancer and stroke.19, 20, 21 Mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress induced by diabetes may render cells more susceptible to external stimuli and more prone to apoptosis.22, 23 Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)‐1α is a master regulator of mitochondrial functions and mitochondrial homoeostasis.