INS and Norrie disease: We used the nicotinic receptor agonist DMPP to perform a global ganglionic activation as almost all PINS neurons harbour nicotinic receptors.14 DMPP stimulation of PINS induced major insulin secretion in ND mice but induced only a weak insulin secretion in WD mice, similar to that of T0 mice and suggesting an impaired PINS sensitivity to nicotinic stimulation at the ganglia level in WD mice.