CCL5 and infection: Equine MSCs from different tissue are able to express some immunomodulatory genes such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and chemokine ligand-5 (CCL5), suggesting that respective cytokines may help limit infection indirectly by recruiting and activating immune cells (19).