Pathway analysis predicted activation of the liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) pathway (Z = 2.0; P = 0.00006; Figure 9B), and downregulation of pro-hypertrophic ET1 signaling (Z = −1.1; P = 0.007), TGFβ signaling (Z = −2.2; P = 0.4), and cardiac hypertrophy signaling (Z = −1.5; P = 0.5) in human HCM hearts compared to control hearts (data not shown). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cardiac hypertrophy.