Multiple genetic studies have since validated the association of PNPLA3(148M) with a broad spectrum of liver diseases ranging from ALD and NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (33, 66–117). Here, PNPLA3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.