TIMP1 and cleft palate: While MMP and TIMP expressions appear to be critical throughout all stages of palatal development, knockout mice for Timp1, Timp2, Timp3, Timp4, Mmp2, Mmp9, Mmp13, Mmp14, Mmp16, and Mmp25 do not develop cleft palate (Paiva and Granjeiro, 2014; Soria-Valles et al., 2016).