Moreover, it has been reported that more than 50% of tumors have mutations in the tumor suppressor p53, which leads to metabolic changes and contributes to the Warburg effect through the upregulation of c-MYC, HIF-1, and a broad range of genes involved in other aspects of cancer biology, including tumor cell survival and proliferation, migration, drug resistance, and immune evasion (51, 150, 151). The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is neoplasm.