Specifically, mice with airway specific deletion of Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) and SMAD family member 4 (Pts4d/d) spontaneously develop NSCLC by 9 months of age (55); global deficiency of Il17a resulted in earlier and increased metastasis which could be rescued with adoptive transfer of IL17a-sufficient CD4+ T cells (11). Here, PTEN is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.